Old School Rap - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 760 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Advertising Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: School Essay Did you like this example? However, the definition of all rap music of the eighties as old school rap seems to be more common nowadays, although musically it is not particularly useful. In the mid-1970s, hip hop split into two camps. One sampled disco and focused on getting the crowd dancing and excited, with simple or no rhymes ; these DJs included Pete DJ Jones, Eddie Cheeba, DJ Hollywood? and Love Bug Starski. On the other hand, another group were focusing on rapid-fire rhymes and a more complex rhythmic scheme. These included Afrika Bambaataa? , Paul Winley, Grandmaster Flash and Bobby Robinson. As the 70s became the 1980s, many felt that hip hop was a novelty fad that would soon die out. This was to become a constant accusation for at least the next fifteen years. Some of the earliest rappers were novelty acts, using the themes to Gilligan’s Island and using sweet doo wop-influenced harmonies. With the advent of recorded hip hop in the late 1970s, all the major elements and techniques of the genre were in place. Though not yet mainstream, it was well-known among African Americans, even outside of New York City ; hip hop could be found in cities as diverse as Los Angeles, Washington, Baltimore, Dallas, Kansas City, Miami, Seattle, St. Louis, New Orleans, and Houston. Philadelphia was, for many years, the only city whose contributions to hip hop were valued as greatly as New York City’s by hip hop purists and critics. Hip hop was popular there at least as far back as 1976 (first record : Rhythm Talk, by Jocko Henderson in 1979), and the New York Times dubbed Philly the Graffiti Capital of the World in 1971, due to the influence of such legendary graffiti artists as Cornbread. The first female solo artist to record hip hop was Lady B. (To the Beat Y’All, 1980), a Philly-area radio DJ. Later Schoolly D helped invent what became known as gangsta rap? The 1980s saw intense diversification in hip hop, which developed into a more complex form. The si mple tales of 1970s emcees were replaced by highly metaphoric lyrics rapping over complex, multi-layered beats. Some rappers even became mainstream pop performers, including Kurtis Blow? , whose appearance in a Sprite commercial made him the first hip hop musician to be considered mainstream enough to represent a major product, but also the first to be accused by the hip-hop audience of selling out. Another popular performer among mainstream audiences was LL Cool J, who was a success from the release of his first LP, Radio. Hip hop was almost entirely unknown outside of the United States prior to the 1980s. During that decade, it began its spread to every inhabited continent and became a part of the music scene in dozens of countries. In the early part of the decade, breakdancing became the first aspect of hip hop culture to reach Germany, Japan and South Africa, where the crew Black Noise established the practice before beginning to rap later in the decade. Meanwhile, recorded h ip hop was released in France (Dee Nasty’s 1984 Paname City Rappin’) and the Philippines (Dyords Javier’s Na Onseng Delight and Vincent Dafalong’s Nunal). In Puerto Rico, Vico C became the first Spanish language rapper, and his recorded work was the beginning of what became known as reggaetonIn the 90s, gangsta rap became mainstream, beginning in about 1992, with the release of Dr. Dre’s The Chronic. This album established a style called G Funk, which soon came to dominate West Coast hip hop. Later in the decade, record labels based out of Atlanta, St. Louis and New Orleans gained fame for their local scenes. By the end of the decade, especially with the success of Eminem, hip hop was an integral part of popular music, and nearly all American pop songs had a major hip hop component. In the 90s and into the following decade, elements of hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music ; neo soul, for example, combined hip hop and soul music and produced some major stars in the middle of the decade, while in the Dominican Republic, a recording by Santi Y Sus Duendes and Lisa M became the first single of merenrap, a fusion of hip hop and merengue. In Europe, Africa and Asia, hip hop began to move from an underground phenomenon to reach mainstream audiences. In South Africa, Germany, France, Italy and many other countries, hip hop stars rose to prominence and gradually began to incorporate influences from their own country, resulting in fusions like Tanzanian Bongo Flava. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Old School Rap" essay for you Create order

Type a Personality Essay - 2899 Words

In this thesis I am going to write about my own personality and the associated traits which come with my personality type. I’m going to consider if also if I’m type A, B, or C. also if I’m extrovert or introvert, plus the traits which come in between those levels of personality. I also need to consider if I have an abnormal personality and its origins i.e) psychodynamic, behavioural, cognitive or humanistic. Personality A is a very strong and bold personality to own. This is typically related to a person with a chronic sense of time and ergency, meaning where ever they go they always need to be on time. A person that has an excessive competitive drive, and is very aggressive and hostile towards others. This person is always setting†¦show more content†¦I also see my self as very active and fit, plus the active side of me has always been part of my lifestyle. The next trait that fits me too is sociable. This means, inclined to or conducive to companionship with others. This fits me because with the right people I’m very sociable, talking and joking with people I mainly know. But with like all people with the wrong company you don’t feel like associating with them mainly because of dislike or hatred. Outgoing is the next trait, this means that you are very sociable and very confident, again I’m totally this, with the right people, I have a very out going life which I use this trait every day at home and at college. Talkative is another trait which matches my personality, this again means, full of trivial conversation, this is me because I can talk even if there is no real subject on the conversation, this is due to friends and family too, because there is never a quiet moment. Another trait is responsive, this again means sensitive to influence or stimulus, this also can mean you can well adapt to what happening around you, this is me because if the mood is down I can sense that and switch down a level, or if I need to be in a such mood like sympathetic I can again switch to that too. This trait easy going means that you areShow MoreRelatedEssay on Personality Types939 Words   |  4 Pagesinto it and slowly, they entrench deep down in solid states. We can divide personality in two halves. First is that, which the psychologists term as ‘T- Personality. This is a toxic personality. Second is that, that the psychologists call N-Pers onality and this is energetic. h2The poisonous T-Personality/h2 This type of N- personality always keeps a negative mindset about everything. The attitude of poisonous personality always tends veering round pessimism and dispirited. Being a perfectionistRead MorePersonality Type Consumer Behavior824 Words   |  4 Pagesibs | Interim Report | â€Å"Personality type and its effect on Consumer Behavior† | | | | Submitted by: Ashu Gurtoo | 09bshyd0186 | Project Proposed: â€Å"Personality type and its effect on consumer behavior† Description of the project: We will first try to understand what is consumer behavior What do we really want to study when we say that we want to study consumer behavior? * Why consumers make the purchases that they make * What factorsRead MoreDifferent Types Of Personality Behavior1375 Words   |  6 Pagescertain personality types, hardiness, optimistic beliefs, spiritual beliefs and the ability to ask for help when needed are traits of people who can cope effectively. These people use their skills and strengths to cope. Non-copers do not have these traits therefore they do not have access to natural or learnt coping abilities needed to cope effectively so they tend to turn to other sometimes faulty coping strategies and mechanisms (‘What Is Resilience? (And Why It Matters)’, n.d.). Personality typesRead MoreTypes Of Personality Tests Out There844 Words   |  4 Pages There are many types of personality tests out there. Some of them are better than others. These tests are used to help determine the different personality types. Many employers use these tests to help place new employees. They also use them to help determine if an employee will work out or not. It can be important to know your own personality type. Understanding how you learn and what type of jobs might be best for you can be very helpful in your own life. Many employers use tests like the oneRead MoreCultural Differences And Personality Types Essay2031 Words   |  9 Pagestheir getting married, they say it with the hopes of eternal love of their future spouse. Not realizing that conflict occurs, but not with the spouse but the family members. Some of the conflict may be due to various cultural differences and personality types. Culture is the belief, custom, knowledge, rituals, language and other things that such as a way of thinking or life. As cultural differences is determine on what we believe. Mayer (2012) mentions, that beliefs are what’s important to an individualRead MoreJung Personality Typology Test Is Designed For Determine Personality Type1086 Words   |  5 PagesJung Personality Typology Test is designed to determine personality type. There are 16 different personality types measured by 8 traits: extraversion, introversion, sensing, intuition, feeling, thinking, judging, and perceiving. 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Learning about my personality type has helped me realize which careers that would be good, the best way for to study, my ability to successfully work on a team and even how my personality type impacts my personal relationshipsRead MoreTypes Of Personality : What Really Happened?1137 Words   |  5 PagesTypes of Personality When I went to school today I went to go over by my friends, and as they were talking I realized that they were all telling something different. One was telling a story about how she saran wrapped a car last night, which was a lie, she would never do that in her life. One was explaining how she thought this one girl’s outfit was ugly. She was not wrong. The last one was telling a story about how in class they were playing a review game for a test and she knew every answer.Read More Child Personality Types Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesChild Personality Types Anyone who has spent time with or around children will notice that each one has a special personality all of their own. Children, like adults, have different traits that make up their personalities. Experts have researched this phenomenon in detail and classified children into different categories. Some experts have named more than three categories, but Peter L. Manigone has chosen three that most experts agree with. These categories have been named flexible,Read MoreHolland’s Six Personality Types1315 Words   |  6 PagesSix Occupational Personality Types by - John L. Holland John L Holland, Ph.D., professor emeritus at Johns Hopkins University, is a psychologist who devoted his professional life to researching issues related to career choice and satisfaction. 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Clinical Governance Safety And Quality †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Clinical Governance Safety And Quality. Answer: Introduction There have been public health inquiries both nationally and internationally into the failure of the health system. It ensures delivery of safe and evidence based care. The paper deals with the investigation into the Bundaberg Base Hospital/Queensland Health. In response to the investigation, the paper discusses about clinical governance, safety, and quality. Clinical Governance The term clinical governance by the Australian Council on Healthcare Standards is defined as the health system where responsibility and accountability is shared among the governing body, clinicians, staff and mangers to minimize the risk and ensure patient safety (Jones Killion, 2017). The components of the clinical governance framework as per the Victorian Clinical Governance Policy framework are identified and two of them are discussed in this section In the Bundaberg Base Hospital, the clinical governance structure was very complex. The paper specifically discusses how the following components led to system failure. Organisation committee structure, systems and processes- there was a fault in the internal clinical governance system. There was no incidence of poor clinical outcomes detected in the organization or any incidence of compromised patient care. It was the most perturbing aspect of the Dr Patels case. There was no consistent link found between incident reporting and the process of compliant management (Terry L, 2015). There was poor management of range of clinical risks. The external quality control team (Australian Incident Monitoring System) did not expose the hospital to the events. The incidents were also not exposed by the hospital accreditation processes. Due to the faulty structure and process of the Australian medical system, the Bundaberg Base organisation was not competent even to carry out the basic monitoring, reporting and management of medical errors (www.phcris.org.au, 2017). Another faulty aspect of the organisations structure and processes was lenient OTD (overseas-trained doctors) regulatory factors. Dr Patel joined Bundaberg Base as it was located in an AON. The same was defined under Medical Practitioners Registration Act 2001. The AON classification process was full of shortcoming (Beaupert et al., 2014). The blind acceptance of the applications by Queensland Health for AON positions from public hospitals was a big blunder. Further, there was lack of assessment of the registrants like Dr. Patel. The clinical competence of such doctors was not scrutinised. As a visiting officer, the ability to provide the surgical services at Bundaberg Base was not established. There was no rationale for promoting Dr Patels from Staff Medical Officer to the position of Director of Surgery. He did not even apply for this position (Edwards et al., 2016). Reports review and performance - Dr. Patels was trained in US. His practice disadvantage came from his training and education that took place in different setting. He has practiced in cultural setting that was different in level of technology, disease patterns, form of heath care delivery and treatment options, workplace hierarchies and etiquette differ markedly from those in Australia. Based on initial medical qualification of Dr. Patel in India, he was appointed as OTD in Australia. There was no additional training given for performance improvement or reviewed his activities (Terry L, 2015). Although Ms Hoffman raised concerns about his practice and competence with management, staff and administration, the coroner and police but in vain. There was no further review on these complaints on his performance. Therefore, the health system failure in the Bundaberg Base Hospital is due to failure of quality assurance mechanism both at internal and external level. However, when the allegat ions against the doctor become public, the inquiry was lunched. Safety and Quality In the Bundaberg Base Hospital, the clinical governance structure was very complex. There was no delegation of single committee to tackle the safety and quality issues. There was lack of follow up on events been occurring. In case any concerns, events, or incidents were raised there was no flow of information. The staff provided no feedback and there was no ongoing evaluation for improvement. The incident reporting system was in place but in vain. There were number of concerns raised in response to the resources available in safety and the quality unit. There was also frequent incidents where the staff complained about lack of training facilities and support followed the inquiry of Dr. Patels case (Chandler, 2017). Further, there was lack of aggregated data report on surveillance that will help the executive to monitor the safety and quality. There was little evidence found in regards to the departmental clinical audits, and mortality audits. The clinical audits in the general surger y were variable. However, by Monitoring and responding to complaints, this issue would have been resolved. Monitoring and responding to complaints If the above-mentioned risk management strategy had been in place, an immediate action would have been taken against Dr Patel. Initially MS Hoffmen, blew the whistle regarding this doctor. The complaints regarding the incompetence and practice of Dr. Patel were neglected. She even highlighted that together with staff she hid patients from Dr. Patel (Watson, 2016). The administration was however, inactive and apparently unwilling to investigate the issue. If it was earlier monitored that a number of patients suffered serious complications after being treated by Dr. Patel, he death cases would have been prevented. Responding to this whistles early would have led to early detection of Dr. Patels past black records. In addition, an investigation should have been started before the public disquiet about the quality and safety of Queensland public hospital services (Wilkinson et al., 2015). The risk management strategy could have prevented such disastrous consequences if following actions was taken after complaints against Dr. Patel- If there was monitoring to identify if Director of Surgery position was an AON position. Verifying the qualification was necessary before appointing OTD Monitoring the licensure certificate of OTDs- to identify any incidents that reflect the doctors incompetence. It will help identify any restrictions being imposed on the license The application documentation should be more stringent to sought information on practice history Queensland authorities should be strict in detecting any absence of attachment with the applications. Under this strategy there is need of monitoring the mortality rate if it appeared higher than predicted Comparison of aggregated data from the peer group hospitals Continues outcome with an EWMA chart- an effective risk adjustment mode for the analysis. It helps monitor the patients outcomes in intensive care unit. This chart helps identify change in observed compared with predicted mortality over time. It is possible using data submitted to the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database (Pilcher et al., 2010). Incident reporting system in place and instant actions on complaints References Beaupert, F., Carney, T., Chiarella, M., Satchell, C., Walton, M., Bennett, B., Kelly, P. (2014). Regulating healthcare complaints: a literature review.International journal of health care quality assurance,27(6), 505-518. Chandler, J. (2017).Bundaberg Hospital Recommendations Are A Priority.Statements.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 17 August 2017, from https://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/Id/41552. Edwards, M. S., Lawrence, S. A., Ashkanasy, N. M. (2016). How Perceptions and Emotions Shaped Employee Silence in the Case of Dr. Death at Bundaberg Hospital. InEmotions and Organizational Governance(pp. 341-379). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Jones, A., Killion, S. (2017). title Clinical governance for Primary Health Networks. Pilcher, D. V., Hoffman, T., Thomas, C., Ernest, D., Hart, G. (2010). Risk-adjusted continuous outcome monitoring with an EWMA chart: could it have detected excess mortality among intensive care patients at Bundaberg Base Hospital?.Critical Care and Resuscitation,12(1), 36. Terry, D. R., L, Q. (2015). Challenges of working and living in a new cultural environment: A snapshot of international medical graduates in rural Tasmania.Australian Journal of Rural Health. Terry, D. R., L, Q. (2015). The Anglo-Celtic construction of national identity in Australia and the acculturation of the otherdoctors.International Journal of Innovative Interdisciplinary Research,2(4), 62-76. Watson, J. (2016). Incident management in Bundaberg during the 2013 Queensland floods.Incident Management in Australasia: Lessons Learnt from Emergency Responses, 17. Wilkinson, A., Townsend, K., Graham, T., Muurlink, O. (2015). Fatal consequences: an analysis of the failed employee voice system at the Bundaberg Hospital.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,53(3), 265-280. www.phcris.org.au. (2017).Health Systems' Failures Redemptions: Cases of the Roles of Clinical Governance and their policy implications.https://www.phcris.org.au. Retrieved 17 August 2017, from https://www.phcris.org.au/phplib/filedownload.php?file=/conference/2005/presentations/tuesday/sharp.pdf

Medical Translation functionalist approaches Essay Example

Medical Translation: functionalist approaches Essay Medical Translation: functionalist attacks Translation is used in every twenty-four hours life and is used in multiple Fieldss of work. Translation is defined in the Collins Dictionary as a piece of composing or address that has been translated into another action and as the act of interpreting something . The two definitions point to the two different ways interlingual rendition is explained, the first as being the merchandise produced by the transcriber and the 2nd as the existent procedure of interlingual rendition. The lexicon of Translation Studies to boot introduces sub types of interlingual rendition such as literary interlingual rendition, proficient interlingual rendition, subtitling and machine interlingual rendition. . .interpreting ( Hatim, Munday: 2004 ) . The sub type I shall be discoursing is medical interlingual rendition. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Translation: functionalist approaches specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Translation: functionalist approaches specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Translation: functionalist approaches specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At every milepost, interlingual rendition was the key to scientific advancement as it unlocked for each consecutive discoverer and discoverer the heads of predecessors who expressed their advanced ideas in another linguistic communication ( Fischbach: Wright1993 ) . Translation has been used since Hippocrates and Galen in Greek and was translated chiefly into Latin and Arabic, Arabic particularly in the Middle Ages. This spread cognition to the Western universe bring forthing interlingual renditions into Castilian and English. [ 1 ]associating sentence to medical interlingual rendition today*i.e. English taking over as lingua franca Whilst medical interlingual rendition portions many characteristics with other sub types in that it involves accommodating to cultural differences, utilizing technological tools and pass oning through lingual barriers, this bomber type has many fortes of its ain. When interpreting a medical text, one must be careful to pass on the specific cognition right. Factual complexness and truth becomes a chief precedence for the transcriber. Medical nomenclature, communicative state of affairss ( among specializers, in the mass media, in instruction, to patients, in runs and internationally ) , medical genres and medical moralss besides influence the manner in which interlingual rendition is produced. I shall be concentrating on functional attacks to interlingual rendition, presenting Vermeer s Skopostheorie, Reiss theory of text types and functional equality and lexical equality, using them to the facets of specific audiences, Latin based footings, medical English standardizations and m edical texts. Functionalism is the wide term used for the many theories that attack interlingual rendition utilizing functionalist methods. It focuses on the importance of the map or maps of the mark text instead than the lingual equality to the beginning text. Texts are produced with a specific intent or map in head. The get downing point for any interlingual rendition is hence non the lingual surface construction of the ST, but the intent of the TT ( Nord: 1997 ) . It besides includes the impression of interlingual rendition as communicating. Translation is defined as a purposeful, transcultural activity whose lingual signifier depends on the map or the intent of the mark text. Action, communicating and cultural theories are included under the rubric of functionalism. Skopostheorie, translational action theory and Reiss and Vermeer s general theory of interlingual rendition will be discussed in farther item. The chief theory within functionalist attacks is Skopostheorie, ( Skopos intending intent in Greek ) by Hans J. Vermeer. Vermeer believes that linguistics entirely is non plenty for interlingual rendition as he believes non all jobs can be solved entirely through linguistic communication abilities but that the premier chief finding any interlingual rendition procedure is the intent ( Skopos ) of the overall translational action ( Vermeer: Nord1997 ) . He understands interlingual rendition as a human action and that all actions are knowing and purposeful behaviors. Any signifier of translational action, including therefore interlingual rendition itself, may be conceived as an action, as the name implies. Any action has an purpose, a intent. [ . . . ] The word Skopos, so, is a proficient term for the purpose or intent of a interlingual rendition ( Vermeer1989 ) . He besides adds that these behaviors take topographic point in state of affairss which happen in civilizations which accordingly leads to the Skopostheorie being civilization particular as Holz-Manttari explains in farther item. From this idea, Vermeer derives a general Skopos regulation, which states: translate/interpret/speak/write in a manner that enables your text/translation to map in a state of affairs in which it is used and with the people who want to utilize it and exactly in the manner they want it to work . This regulation is designed to work out quandaries such as free vs. faithful interlingual rendition or dynamic vs. formal equality. Another general regulation mentioned which will be discussed once more later is the coherency regulation which concerns the mark text must be consistent to let the intended users to understand it in their situational fortunes. Another of import factor of Skopostheorie is that of the addressee which is the receiving system or the audience. The interlingual rendition must be directed towards them, which is why purpose and the coherency regulation are so of import. *** Holz-Mantarri s translational action theory goes farther than the Vermeer in that she wholly disregards the word interlingual rendition , mentioning to it alternatively as message senders. She describes interlingual rendition as a complex action designed to accomplish a peculiar intent . The intent of this theory is to make the ability to direct messages across civilization and linguistic communication barriers by experts ( transcribers ) . She besides highlights the actional facets of the interlingual rendition procedure such as the transcriber, instigator, message receiving system and the situational conditions in which the action ( of interlingual rendition ) takes topographic point. She calls this intercultural cooperation. The audience, as mentioned before, is one of the most of import factors in Skopostheorie. Medic al interlingual rendition requires the transcriber to be faithful to the client every bit good as the beginning text*** In the medical field, there are two chief types of audiences: the ballad audience and the adept audience. Often, when interpreting medical proficient footings, which is really common and can do jobs, footings can be changed or borrowed in order to do sense in the mark civilization. Because Latin was one time the tongue franca of medical specialty and Greek was the original linguistic communication of medical text, there still exists today a great sum of Latin and Greek based words and the usage of Latin and Greek postfixs and prefixes. This subject has proved hard for transcribers as it challenges the Skopostheorie in that lingual equality is non necessary. We see here that this is non ever the instance. The usage of Latin words is highly common in English ; words such as pneumonia and appendicitis are really common amongst both types of audiences. When interpreting into love affair linguistic communications and even into Germanic linguistic communications, the word tends to be tanta mount to that of the English with minor spelling alterations: EnglishSpanishGerman Pneumonia Neumonia Pneumonie Appendicitis Apendicitis Appendizitis However, in some states such as Germany and Denmark, Latin continues to move as the tongue franca in medical specialty and therefore is non understood by the ballad audience. They are replaced by more popularized footings in order to make out to a larger audience: GermanDanish Expert: appendizitis expert: Appendicitis Non- expert: Blinddarmentzundung non-expert: blindtarmsbetoendelse Expert: Pneumonie expert: pneumoni Non- expert: Lungenentzundung non- expert: lungebetoendelse Such